The full Illustrated Bibliography of books and journals referred to on Jim Hagart's Subliminal World

Animated book

*Note that book covers may differ from those illustrated. Check also for the most recent edition of textbooks if intending to purchase.

Part I : Specialist Books

ACTON.jpg (11184 bytes) Acton, M. Learning to Look at Paintings

Aitchison, J. Cutting Edge Advertising: How to Create the World's Best Print for Brands in the 21st Century: v. 2

Antonides, G. and Raaij, W.F. van Case Studies in Consumer Behaviour

Antonides, G. and Raaij, W.F. van Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective

Anzieu, D. Freud's Self-Analysis (The International Psycho-analytical Library)

Appignanesi, R. and Zarate, O. Freud for Beginners

Atkinson, M. Our Masters' Voices: Language and Body Language of Politics

Aumont, J. The Image

Badcock, C. Essential Freud

Baker, A. and Boyd, T. (eds) Out of Bounds: Sports, Media and the Politics of Identity

Barnicoat, J. Posters: A Concise History (World of Art)

Bayley, S. Lucky Strike Packet by Raymond Loewy, The (Design Classics)

Becker, C. (ed) The Subversive Imagination: Artists, Society and Social Responsibility

Beier, E. G. and Young, D.M. The Silent Language of Psychotherapy : Social Reinforcement of Unconscious

Berger, J. Ways of Seeing

Bernheimer, C. and Kahane, C. In Dora's Case: Freud, Hysteria, Feminism (Gender and Culture)

Bettinghaus, E. Persuasive Communication

Bignell, J. Media Semiotics

Billig, M. Freudian Repression: Conversation Creating the Unconscious

Blythe, J. The Essence of Consumer Behaviour (The Essence Of...)

Bocock, R. Freud and Modern Society: An Outline and Analysis of Freud's Sociology

Boone, L.E. & Kurtz, D.L. Contemporary Marketing Update: With Infotrac

Bornstein, R. and Pittman, T.S. (Eds.) Perception Without Awareness: Cognitive, Clinical, and Social Perspectives [not illustrated]

Braham, B. The Graphic Arts Studio Manual

Brierley, S. The Advertising Handbook (Media Practice)

Bruce, V. & Young, A. In the Eye of the Beholder: Science of Face Perception

Bull, P.E. Posture and Gesture (International Series in Experimental Social Psychology)

Butterfield, L. (Ed) Excellence in Advertising: The IPA Guide to Best Practice (Chartered Institute of Marketing)

Carey, P. Media Law

Chancer, S. L. Sadomasochism in Everyday Life: The Dynamics of Power and Powerlessness

Channouf, A. Les Images subliminales : Une approche psychosociale

Channouf, A et Pichevin, M.-F., Pouvoir subliminal (le) - tdb

Cialdini, R.B. Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion

Clark, E. The Want Makers: The World of Advertising : How They Make You Buy

Clark, R.W. Freud: The Man and the Cause

Clark, T. Art and Propaganda (Everyman Art Library)

Congdon-Martin, D. Camel Cigarette Collectibles

Cook, G. The Discourse of Advertising (Interface)

Craib, I. Psychoanalysis and Social Theory

Culver, R.B. & Ianna, P.A. Gemini Syndrome! a Scientific Evaluation of Astrology (Science & the Paranormal Series)

Cumming, R. Annotated Art

Davis, M.P. and Zerdin, D. Effective Use of Advertising Media: A Practical Approach

Dixon, N.F. Preconscious Processing

Downing, J., Mohammadi, A and Sreberny-Mohammaddi, A. Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction

Dyer, G. Advertising as Communication (University Paperbacks)

East, R. Changing Consumer Behaviour

Ellenberger, H.F. The Discovery of the Unconscious: History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry

Empson, J. Sleep and Dreaming

Engel, J.F., Blackwell, R.D. and Miniard, P.W. Consumer Behaviour

Ernst, B. Der Zauberspiegel Des MC Escher

Eysenck, H.J. & Nias, D.K.B. Astrology: Science or Superstition? (Pelican)

Eysenck, M.W. Perspectives on Psychology (Principles of Psychology)

Fahs, J. Cigarette Confidential

Fairbairn, S. and Fairbairn, G. Psychology, Ethics and Change

Fisher, S. and Greenberg, R.P. Scientific Evaluation of Freud's Theories and Therapy

Fiske, S.T. and Taylor, S.E. Social Cognition (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology)

Forceville, C. Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising

Foxall, G. and Goldsmith, R.E. Consumer Psychology for Marketing

Foxall, G.R. Consumer Psychology for Marketing

Freud, S. Consumer Psychology for Marketing

Freud, S. The Interpretation of Dreams

Freud, S. Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud)

Freud, S. The Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud: "A Case of Hysteria", "Three Essays on Sexuality" and Other Works v. 7

Frey-Rohn, L. From Freud to Jung: Comparative Study of the Psychology of the Unconscious

Frosh, S. The Politics of Psychoanalysis: An Introduction to Freudian and Post-Freudian Theory

Furnham, A. F. Lay Theories: Everyday Understandings of Problems in the Social Sciences (International Series in Experimental Social Psychology)

Gage, J. Color and Culture: Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction

Guaquelin, M. Dreams and Illusions of Astrology

Global Aggression: The Case for Standards & Bold U. S. Action Challenging Philip Morris & Rjr, Nabisco, Infact's 1998 People's Annual Report

Goddard, A. The Language of Advertising: Written Texts (Intertext)

Gombrich, E.H. Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation: v. 6

Gordon, I.E. Theories of Visual Perception

Gregory, R.L. Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing

Gregory, R.L. Intelligent Eye

Gregory, R.L. & Gombrich, E.H. Illusion in Nature and Art

Groome, D. et al An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology: Processes and Disorders

Gunter, B. Measuring Bias on Television

Gunter, B. and Furnham, A. Children as Consumers (International Series in Social Psychology)

Haberstroh, J. Ice Cube Sex: Truth About Subliminal Advertising

Harré, R., Clarke, D. and De Carlo, N. Motives and Mechanisms: Introduction to the Psychology of Action

Harris, R and Hatton, J. Murder a Cigarette

Hersey, G.L. The Evolution of Allure: Sexual Selection from the Medici Venus to the Incredible Hulk

Hilts, P.J. Smoke Screen: The Truth Behind the Tobacco-Industry Cover-Up

Hoffman, D.D. Visual Intelligence: How We Create What We See

Isbister, J.N. Freud: An Introduction to His Life and Work

Jefkins, F. Advertising Made Simple (Made Simple Books)

Jhally, S. The Codes of Advertising: Fetishism and the Political Economy of Meaning in the Consumer Society

Jones, B. The Official ITV Sport F1 Grand Prix Guide

Jones, E. The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (Pelican Biographies)

Jones, J.P. (Ed) Advertising Organizations and Publications: A Resource Guide

Jowett, G.S. and O'Donnell, V. Propaganda and Persuasion

Karle, H.W.A. Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: A Patient's Guide

Karle, H.W.A. Hypnotherapy: A Practical Handbook

Key, W.B. Subliminal Seduction

Key, W.B. Media Sexploitation (Signet)

Key, W. B. Subliminal Seduction; Ad Media's Manipulation of a Not So Innocent America. [Not illustrated]

Key, W.B. The Age of Manipulation: The Con in Confidence, the Sin in Sincere

Key, W. B. Subliminal Ad-ventures in Erotic Art

Kilbourne, J. Deadly Persuasion: Why Women and Girls Must Fight the Addictive Power of Advertising: Why Women and Girls Must Fight the Addictive Power of Advertising / Jean Kilbourne.

Kilbourne, J. Can't Buy ME Love: How Advertising Changes the Way We Think and Feel [Note: this is the paperback edition of Deadly Persuasion)

Klein, N. No Logo

For an entertaining but insightful spoof e-mail correspondence focussing on Nike, one of the companies discussed in Naomi Klein's book, click here.

Klein, R. Cigarettes Are Sublime

Kleinman, P. World Advertising Review (various years)

Kluger, R. Ashes to Ashes: America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris

Kurzweil, E. The Freudians: A Comparative Perspective

Lacey, N. Image and Representation: Key Concepts in Media Studies

Lester, P.M. Visual Communication: Images with Messages

Lewicki, P. Nonconscious Social Information Processing [Not illustrated]

Longinotti-Buitoni, G.L. Selling Dreams: How to Make Any Product Irresistible

Lucie-Smith, E. Sexuality in Western Art (World of Art)

Lupton, E. and Miller, A. Design Writing Research

Macklin, M.C. and Carlson, L. (Eds) Advertising to Children: Concepts and Controversies

Males, M. Smoked: Why Joe Camel Is Still Smiling (The Read & Resist Series)

Marchand, P. Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger

Mariotti, J. Smart Things to Know About Brands (Smart)

Martin, T. Surrealists (Essential Art S.)

Masson, J. Against Therapy

Masson, J. The Assault on Truth

Masson, J. Final Analysis: Making and Unmaking of a Psychoanalyst

McQuail, D. Mcquail's Mass Communication Theory

McQuail, D. and Windahl, S. Communication Models: For the Study of Mass Communications

Mecca, A.M., Smelser, N.J. and Vasconcellos, J. (Eds) The Social Importance of Self-Esteem

Meisel, P. (Ed) Freud: A Collection of Critical Essays

Messaris, P. Visual Persuasion: Role of Images in Advertising

Meyers, W. Image Makers

Milburn, M.A. Persuasion and Politics: Social Psychology of Public Opinion

Murphy, J., John, M. and Brown, H. Persuasion and Politics: Social Psychology of Public Opinion

Myers, G. Words in Ads

Myers, K. Understains: Sense and Seduction of Advertising (Comedia Series, No 31)Comedia Publishing Group, London.[Not illustrated]

N.E. Thing Enterprises Magic Eye II Now You See It ...

Neu, J. (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Freud (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)

Norman, D.A. The Psychology of Everyday Things

Obholzer, K. Wolf Man - Sixty Years Later

Ogilvy, D. Ogilvy on Advertising

O'Guinn, T.C. et al Advertising

Packard, V. The Hidden Persuaders

Pashler, H. The Psychology of Attention (Bradford Book) (Bradford Book)

Patterson, P. & Wilkins, L. Media Ethics: Issues & Cases

Pearson, G., Tesede, J. and Yelloly, M. Social Work and the Legacy of Freud: Psychoanalysis and Its Uses

Pèochhacker, C. (not illustrated) Suggestivwerbung und unlauterer Wettbewerb

Peter, J.P. & Olson, J.C. Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy: European Edition

Peters, U.H. Anna Freud: A Life for Children

Petrone, G. S. Tobacco Advertising (Schiffer Books for Collectors)

Petty, R.E. and Cacioppo, J.T. Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches

Pratkanis, A. and Aronson, E. Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion

Pringle, P. Cornered: Tobacco Companies At The Bar Of Justice

Prins, H. Bizarre Behaviours: Boundaries of Psychiatric Disorder

Reber, A. S. The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology (Penguin Reference Books)

Rodgers, N. Incredible Optical Illusions

Rogers, P. and Baldwin, S. Controlled or Reduced Smoking: An Annotated Bibliography

Ross, L. and Nisbett, R.E. Person and the Situation: Essential Contributions of Social Psychology

Roquena, J.G. (not illustrated) El espot publicitario : las metamorfosis del deseo.
Rothenstein, J. and Gooding, M. The Playful Eye: An Album of Visual Delight (Redstone Press)
Sala, S.D. Mind Myths: Exploring Popular Assumptions About the Mind and Brain
Saunders, D. The World's Best Advertising Photography

Saunders, D. Best Ads: Sex in Advertising (Best Ads)

Saunders, D. 20th Advertising

Schiffman, L.G. and Kanuk, L.L. Consumer Behavior

Severin, W.J. and Tankard, J.W. Communication Theories:Origins, Methods, and Uses in the Mass Media

Seymour, P. The Scientific Proof of Astrology: Tune into the Music of the Planets

Shepard, R.N. Mind Sights

Shepherd, M. Sherlock Holmes and the Case of Doctor Freud

Shimp, T.A. Advertising, Promotion, and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications

Singer, J.L. (Ed) Repression and Dissociation: Implications for Personality Theory, Psychopathology and Health

Sivulka, J. Soap, Sex, and Cigarettes: A Cultural History of American Advertising

Solomon, M.R. Consumer Behaviour

Solomon, M.R. et al Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective

Southgate, P. Total Branding by Design: Using Design to Create Distinctive Brand Identities

Sparks, C. with Reading, A. Communism, Capitalism and the Mass Media (Media, Culture & Society)

Sommerhoff, G. Understanding Consciousness: Its Function and Brain Processes

Staniszewski, M.A. Believing Is Seeing: Creating the Culture of Art

Starkey, M. Born to Shop

Steele, R.S. Freud and Jung: Conflicts of Interpretation

Stevens, R. Freud and Psychoanalysis: An Exposition and Appraisal

Sullivan, L. Hey, Whipple, Squeeze This!: A Guide to Creating Great Ads (Adweek Magazine Series)

Sulloway, F. J. Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend

Sutherland, M. & Sylvester, A.K. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer: What Works, What Doesn't and Why

Taylor, E. Subliminal Communication: Emperor's Clothes or Panacea? (With How to Create Your Own Subliminal Program)

Taylor, E. Subliminal Learning: An Eclectic Approach

Taylor, E. Subliminal Technology: Unlocking the Power of Your Own Mind

Temple, C. The Brain (Penguin Science)

Tester, J. A History of Western Astrology

Thornton, E.M. Freudian Fallacy: Freud and Cocaine

Timpanaro, S. The Freudian Slip: Psychoanalysis and Textual Criticism

Toop, A. European Sales Promotion: Great Campaigns in Action

Twitchell, J.B. Adcult USA: The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture

Underwood, G. Implicit Cognition (Oxford Science Publications)

Valentine, E.R. Conceptual Issues in Psychology

Veeder, G.K. Influence of Subliminal Suggestion on the Response of Two Films [Not illustrated]

Wade, N. Visual Allusions: Pictures of Perception

Ward, D. Illustration for Advertising

Weatherill, R. (Ed) The Death Drive: New Life for a Dead Subject? (Encyclopaedia of Psychoananlysis)

Wernick, A. Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression (Theory, Culture & Society)

White, R. Advertising: What It Is and How to Do It

Wilkie, W.L. Consumer Behavior

Willats, J. Art & Representation New Principles in the Analysis of Pictures

Williams, T.G. Consumer Behaviour: Fundamentals and Strategies [Not illustrated]

Williamson, J. Decoding Advertisements: Ideology and Meaning in Advertising

Wrightsman, L.S. Assumptions About Human Nature: Implications for Researchers and Practitioners

Young-Bruehl, E. Anna Freud: A Biography

Zikmund, W.G. & d'Amica, M. Effective Marketing: Creating and Keeping Customers

Zimbardo, P.G. and Leippe, M.R. Influencing Attitudes and Changingbehavior: An Introduction to Method, Theory and Applications of Social Control and Personal Power (Topics in Social Psychology)

Part II : Some Introductory Textbooks *

*Note: Textbooks are always changing. Look for the latest edition in publishers catalogues before ordering.

Banyard, P. OCR Psychology

Cardwell, M. Psychology A2: The Complete Companion Guide for AQA (Psychology A2)

Eysenck, M.W. Perspectives on Psychology (Principles of Psychology)

Eysenck, M.W. Simply Psychology

Gleitman, H. Psychology

Gross, R.D. and Humphrey, P. Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (Hodder Arnold Publication)

Gross, R.D. Key Studies in Psychology (Arnold Publication)

Hayes, N. Foundations of Psychology: An Introductory Text

Nye, R.D. Three Psychologies: Perspectives from Freud, Skinner and Rogers

Radford, J. and Govier, E. A Textbook of Psychology

Wade, C. Psychology
Zimbardo, P. et al. Psychology: A European Text
Zimbardo, P.G. and Leippe, M.R. Psychology of Attitude Change and Social Influence (McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology)

Book Chapters

Merikle, P.M. and Cheesman, J. (1987) Current status of research on subliminal perception. In M. Wallendorf and P. Anderson (Eds). Advance in Consumer Research, Vol.14, pp298-302. Association for Consumer Research, Provo, UT.

Merikle, P.M., & Reingold, E.M. (1992). Measuring unconscious perceptual processes. In R. Bornstein & T. S. Pitman (Eds.), Perception without awareness: Cognitive, clinical, and social perspectives. New York: Guilford.

Moscovici, S. (1981) On social representations. In J.P. Forgas (Ed), Social cognition: Perspectives on everyday understanding. Academic Press, London.

Moscovici, S. (1984) The phenomenon of social representations. In R.M. Farr and S. Moscovici (Eds), Social Representations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/Paris.

Magazine Articles

Epley, N., Savitsky, K and Kachelski, R.A. (1999) What every Skeptic should know about Subliminal Persuasion. Skeptical Inquirer, Vol 23, No. 5, pp40-45, 58.

Moore, TMoore, T.E. (1992a). Subliminal perception: Facts and fallacies. Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 16 (Spring), 273-281.*

Pratkanis, A.R. (1992) Pratkanis, A.R. (1992) The cargo-cult science of subliminal persuasion. Skeptical Inquirer, Vol. 16 (Spring), pp260-272. *

*Note: a more recent article from the Skeptical Inquirer expresses a less skeptical viewpoint but this article is not yet available on-line.

Ross, M.H. (1984) Getting below awareness. Advertising Age, December 17, 16ff.

Underwood, G. (1994) Subliminal perception on TV. Nature, Vol. 370, 14 July, p 103.

Ruthfrd2.jpg (11855 bytes) Various articles in the March, 1996 issue (Vol. 5, No. 3) of the Rutherford Magazine

Newspaper Articles

Fletcher, J. (1988) The Guardian, June 7th.

Haberstroh, J. (1984) Can't ignore subliminal ad charges: Adfolk laugh, but student's listen. Advertising Age, September 17, 3 ff.

O'Toole, P. (1989) Those sexy ice cubes are back. Advertising Age, Oct.2, p26.

Stoddart, P. (1989). Article on TV commercials. The Observor, June 25th.

Conference Papers

Greenwald, A.G. (1992b, August). Subliminal semantic activation and subliminal snake oil. In M.N. Eagle (Chair), Subliminal Influence: For Better or For Naught? Symposium conducted at the 100th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington.

Academic Journal Articles

Bagley, G.S. and Dunlap, B.J. (1980) Subliminally embedded ads: A 'Turn on'? Southern Marketing Association Proceedings, pp296-298.

Baird, P. and Wilding, J. (1980) Individual differences in sensitivity to subliminally presented reinforcement. Cited in Dixon (1981).

Beatty, S.E. and Hawkins, D.I. (1989) Subliminal Stimulation: Some new data and interpretation. Journal of Advertising, Vol.18, No.3, pp4-8.

Blen, B. (1992) To Hear or Not to Hear: A Legal Analysis of Subliminal Communication Technology in the Arts. Rutgers Law Review, Vol 44:871-922.

Block, M.P. and Vanden Bergh, B.G. (1985) Can you sell subliminal messages to consumers? Journal of Advertising, Vol.14, No.3, pp59-62.

Bornstein, R.F. (1989a) Subliminal Techniques as Propaganda Tools: Review and Critique. Journal of Mind and Behavior, Vol.10, No. 3, pp231-262.

Bornstein, R.F. (1989b) Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of Research, 1968-1987. Psychology Bulletin, Vol.106, No.2, pp265-289.

Bornstein, R.F., Leone, D.R. and Galley, D.J. (1987) The generalizability of subliminal mere exposure effects: Influence of stimuli perceived without awareness on social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.53, No.6, pp1070-1079.

Caccavale, J.G., Wanty, T.C. III and Edell, J.A. (1979) Subliminal implants in advertisements: An experiment. Association for Consumer Research Proceedings, 9, pp418-423.

Chessman, J. and Merikle, P.M. (1984) Priming with and without awareness. Perception and Psychophysics, Vol.36, pp387-395.

Cheesman, J. and Merikle, P.M. (1986) Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes. Canadian Journal of Psychology, Vol.40, No. 4, pp343-367.

Cook, W.A. (1993) Lurking behind the ice cubes (Editorial). Journal of Advertising Research, March/April, pp7-8.

Cuperfain, R. and Clarke, T.K. (1985) A new perspective of subliminal perception. Journal of Advertising, Vol.14, No.1, pp36-41.

Eagle, M., Wolitzky, D.L. and Klein, G.S. (1966) Imagery: Effect of a concealed figure in a stimulus. Science, 151, 837-9.

Eich, E., & Hyman, R. (1991). Subliminal self-help. In D. Druckman & R. Bjork (Eds.), In the mind's eye: Enhancing human performance. Washington, National Academy Press.

Fisher, C. (1954) Dreams and perception. The role of preconscious and primary modes of perception in dream formation. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Ass., 2, 389-445.

Fisher, C. (1957) A study of the preliminary stages of the construction of dreams and images. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Ass., 5, 5-60.

Fisher, C. (1960) Subliminal and supraliminal influences on dreams. Amer. J. Psychiat., 116, 1009-17.

Fisher, C. and Paul, I.H. (1959) The effect of subliminal visual stimulation on imagery and dreams. A validation study. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Ass., 7, 35-83.

Forster, P.M and Govier, E. (1978) Discrimination without awareness?, Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 30, 282-95.

Fowler, C. A. (1986). An operational definition of conscious awareness must be responsible to subjective experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 33-35.

Gable, M. et al. (1987) An evaluation of subliminally embedded sexual stimuli in graphics. Journal of Advertising, Vol.16, No.1, pp 26-29.

George, S.G. and Jenning, L.B. (1975) Effect of Subliminal Stimuli on consumer behavior: Negative effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol 41 (Dec), pp 847-854.

Goldstein, M.J. and Barthol, R.P. (1960) Fantasy responses to subliminal stimuli. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 60, 22-6.

Glucksberg, S. (1982). Not seeing is believing: Perception without awareness [Review of Preconscious processing]. Contemporary Psychology, 270, 856-858.

Gratz, J.E. (1984) The ethics of subliminal communication. Journal of Business Ethics, 3, pp181-184.

Greenwald, A.G. (1992a). New look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed. American Psychologist, 47, 766-779.

Haber, R. N. (1959) Public attitudes regarding subliminal advertising. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol.23, pp291-293.

Hawkins, S.A. and Hoch, S.J. (1992) Low-involvement learning: Memory without evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.19 (Sept), pp212-225.

Henley, S.H.A. (1984) Unconscious perception re-visited: A comment on Merikle's (1982) paper. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, Vol.22, No.2, pp121-124.

Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and appraisal. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-23

Hovseian, A. and Quatman, G. (1978) Effects of Subliminal Stimulation on Masculinity - Femininity Ratings of a Male model. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46 (Feb), pp 155-161.

Janiszewski, C. and Warlop, L. (1993) The influence of classical conditioning procedures on subsequent attention to the conditioned brand. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.20 (Sept), pp171-189.

Kelly, J.S. (1979) Subliminal embeds in print advertising: A challenge to advertising ethics. Journal of Advertising, Summer, p20-24.

Kelly, J.S. and Kessler, B.M. (1978) Subliminal seduction: Fact or fiction? Southern Marketing Association Proceedings.

Kihlstrom, J.F. (1987) The cognitive unconscious. Science, Vol.237, pp1445-1452.

Kilbourne, W.E., Painton, S. and Ridley, D. (1985) The effect of sexual embedding on responses to magazine advertisements. Journal of Advertising, Vo.l.14, No.2, pp48-56.

Kragh, N. (1960) Pre-cognitive defensive organisation: Review, discussion and preliminary operational definitions. Acta Psychiat. Neurol. Scand., Vol.35, p190-206.

Kragh, N. (1962) Predictions of success of Danish attack divers by the Defense Mechanism Test (DMT). Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol.15, pp103-106.

McSweeney, F.K. and Brierley, C. (1984) Recent developments in Classical conditioning. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.11 (Sept), pp619-631.

Malamud, W. (1934) Dream analysis: its application in therapy and research in mental disease. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 31, 356-72.

Merikle, P.M. (1982) Unconscious perception revisited. Perception and Psychophysics, 31, pp298-301.

Merikle, P.M. (1983). Subliminal perception reaffirmed. [Review of Preconscious processing]. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 370, 324-326.

Merikle, P.M. (1984). Toward a definition of awareness. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 449-450.

Merikle, P.M. and Cheesman, J. (1986) Consciousness is a 'subjective' state. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 42-43.

Miniard, P.W., Sirdeshmukh, D. and Innis, D.E. (1992) Peripheral persuasion and brand choice. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.19 (Sept), pp226-239.

Moore, T.E. (1982) Subliminal Advertising: What you see is what you get. Journal of Marketing, Vol.46 (Spring), pp 38-47.

Moore, T.E. (1988) The case against subliminal manipulation. Psychology and Marketing, Vol.5, No.4, pp297-316.

Poetzl, O. (1917) The relationship between experimentally induced dream images and indirect vision. Monogr. No. 7, Psychol. Issues, 2, 41-120 (1960).

Pratkanis, A.R. and Greenwald, A.G. (1988) Recent perspectives on unconscious processing: Still no marketing applications. Psychology and Marketing, Vol.5, No.4, pp337-353.

Rogers, M. and Smith, K.H. (1993) Public perceptions of subliminal advertising: Why practitioners shouldn't ignore this issue. Journal of Advertising Research, March/April, pp10-18.

Saegert, J. (1979) Another look at subliminal perception. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol.19, No.1, pp55-57.

Saegert, J. (1987) Why marketing should quit giving subliminal advertising the benefit of the doubt. Psychology and Marketing, Vol.4, No.2, pp107-120.

Schachter, D.L. (1987) Implicit memory; History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, Vol.13, pp501-518.

Schachter, D.L. (1992) Understanding implicit memory: A cognitive neuroscience approach. American Psychologist, Vol.47, No.4, pp559-569.

Shimp, T.A, Stuart, E.W. and Engle, R.W. (1991) A program of classical conditioning experiments testing variations in the conditioned stimulus and context. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.18 (June), pp1-12.

Silverman, L.H. (1983) in Masling, J. (1983) The subliminal activation method: Overview and comprehensive listing of studies. Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories, Vol. 1. Analytic Press (LEA), Hillsdale, N.J.

Smith, G. (1990) The effect of advertising on juvenile smoking behaviour. International Journal of Advertising, Vol.9, pp57-79.

Spence, D.P. and Holland, B. (1962) The restricting effects of awareness: a paradox and an explanation. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 64, 163-74.

Synodinos, N.E. (1988) Subliminal stimulation: What does the public think about it? Current Issues & Research in Advertising, Vol.11, pp157-187.

Vokey, J.R. and Read, J.D. (1985) Subliminal messages: Between the devil and the media. American Psychologist, Vol.40, No. 11, pp1231-1239.

Wilson, W.R. (1979) Feeling more than we can know: Exposure effects without learning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.37, pp811-821.

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